TNSCERT 7 CIVICS UNIT 1

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1. EQUALITY


  • Natural inequalities can never be rectified; 
  • Man - inequal in colour, height, talent, physical strength etc..
  • man made inequalities on the basis of caste, money, religion can be rectified
  • Equality is ensuring individuals or groups that are not treated differently or less favourably on the basic of specific protected characteristic
  • According to Professor Laski, Equality does not mean identity of treatment, the sameness of reward
  • Equality is a powerful moral and political ideal, democratic ideals such as liberty, equality etc.. are meaningful and effective only when they implemented with justice
    KINDS OF EQUALITY
     
    SOCIAL EQUALITY
  • means that all citizen are entitled to enjoy equal status in society
    CIVIL EQUALITY
  • enjoyment of civil rights by all citizen, rule of law is in force in England and in the eyes of law all are equal and equal treatment is given to all
  • In India, the same rule of law is followed
  • Rule of law advocated by A.V. Dicey, the British legal luminary
    POLITICAL EQUALITY
  • India guaranteed the political rights to all citizens
  1. Right to vote
  2. Right to hold public office
  3. Right to criticize the govt
  • Universal adult franchise - equal opportunity to participate in political life (age of 25 years to contest in election), voting right is given to all the citizen who has attained 18 years of age
  • India - the first country to give voting rights to women from the very first general election in 1952 (Switzerland in 1971)
  • The value of the vote of the Prime Minister and the value of vote of common man in general election is same which denotes political equality
   GENDER EQUALITY
  • the equal right of both men and women to access the opportunities and resources
  • For the uplift of women - 50% reservation has been given for women in local bodies
  • As of 2017, Gender equality is fifth of seventeen sustainable development goals of the United Nations
  • Immense efforts of many social activists to get equal status to the women - Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar chandra Vidyasagar Dayanand Saraswati, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Tarabai Shinde, Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain
   HUMAN DIGNITY
  • self-respect, the most important human right, every human being can be regarded as the very valuable member of the community
   EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND EDUCATION
  • All individuals should have similar chances to receive education
  EQUALITY IN INDIAN CONSTITUTION
  • the constitution of India has also guaranteed equality to all citizens by providing Articles form 14-18
  • Equality before law and equal protection of law have been further strengthened in the Indian constitution under Article 21
  • India is the largest democratic country (equality and Justice are the two pillars of democracy)
   We can promote equality by
  • Treating all fairly
  • Creating an inclusive culture
  • Ensuring equal access to opportunities
  • Enabling to develop full potential
  • Making laws and policies
  • Education

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