TNSCERT 6 CIVICS UNIT 6

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 6. LOCAL BODIES - RURAL AND URBAN


   I.URBAN

  • The urban local bodies are categorized into City Municipal Corporations, Municipalities and Town Panchayats
    1.MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS [12]
  • There are 12 corporations in Tamil Nadu
  • Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli, Salem, Tirunelveli, Erode, Thoothukudi, Tiruppur, Vellore, Dindigul, Thanjavur
  • The Chennai corporation - 1668, the oldest local body in India
  • Commissioner - Administrative head, an Indian Administrative Service officer
  • Mayor - elected representative of the people, Deputy Mayor - by the ward councillors
    FUNCTIONS:
     Drinking water supply, Street Lighting, Maintenance of Clean Environment, Primary Health Facilities, Laying of Roads, Building flyovers, Space for markets, Drainage System, Solid waste management, Corporation schools, Parks, Play grounds, Birth and Death registration, etc.
     
         REVENUE:

     House Tax, Water Tax, Tax on shopping complexes, Professional Tax, Entertainment Tax, Vehicle Charges, Funds by Central and State Government, etc.

       2.MUNICIPALITIES [125 IN TAMIL NADU]
    • Municipality - population of more than one lakh and a high amount of revenue
    • Government officials - municipal commissioner, an executive officer
    • Municipal chairperson - elected representative of the people, Deputy Chairperson - by the ward councillors 
    • Walajahpet Municipality (Vellore district) - first municipality in Tamil Nadu
    • Kanchipuram - has the most number of municipalities 
        3.TOWN PANCHAYATS [561 IN TAMIL NADU]
    • 10,000 population (between village and city)
    • Tamil Nadu - first state to introduce town panchayat in the whole of India

        II.RURAL
    • The rural local bodies into Village Panchayats, Panchayat Unions and District Panchayats
        1.VILLAGE PANCHAYATS [12,524 IN Tamil Nadu]
    • Local bodies of villages, link between the people and the government
         ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES
    • Panchayat President
    • Ward members
    • Councillor
    • District Panchayat ward councillor
         REVENUE:

        House tax, Professional tax, Tax on shops, Water charges, Specific fees for property tax, Specific fees for transfer of immovable property, Funds from Central and State Governments, etc.
        
       FUNCTIONS:
    • Obligatory Functions
       Water supply, Street lighting, Cleaning roads, Drainage & sewage pipes system, Laying down roads, Activation of Central and State Government schemes
    • Discretionary Functions
        parks, Libraries, Playgrounds, etc. 

    2.PANCHAYAT UNION [385 IN TAMIL NADU]
    • Many villages join to form Panchayat Unions
    • Councillors elect chairperson and vice chairperson
    • Administrative head - Block developmental officer (BDO)
    • Villupuram has highest number of Panchayat Union(22), while The Nilgiris and Perambalur have the lowest numbers(4) 
     3. DISTRICT PANCHAYATS [31 IN TAMIL NADU]
    • provide essential services and facilities to the rural population and the planning and execution of developmental programmes
    • divided into wards on the basis of 50,000 population 
    • ward members elect the district panchayat committee chairperson
       SPECIAL FEATURES OF PANCHAYAT RAJ 
    • Grama Sabha
    • Three tier local body governance
    • Reservations
    • Panchayat Elections
    • Tenure
    • Finance Commission
    • Account and Audit, etc

       GRAMA SABHA
    • formed in every village Panchayats
    • Only permanent unit in the Panchayat Raj system
    • the grass root level democratic institution
    • Conducted four times a year (January 26, May 1, August 15, October 2)
    • Special Grama Sabha meetings held as per need or emergency
     "Mahatma Gandhi advocated Panchayat Raj as the foundation of India's politiical system as a form of government, where each village would be responsible for its own affairs"
     The Panchayat Raj Act - enacted on April 24, 1992
     April 24 - National Panchayat Raj Day

     LOCAL BODY ELECTION
    • tenure for representatives - 5 years
    • elections held for every 5 years by State Election Commission
    • Tamil Nadu State Election Commission - Koyambedu, Chennai
    ROLE OF WOMEN IN LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT
    • Women - 33 % reservation in all local bodies
    • Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Amendment) Act, 2016, 50% reservation for women is being fixed in Panchayat Raj institutions.
    • In 2011 local bodies election, women won 38 % seats

     


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