TNSCERT 6 CIVICS UNIT 4

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 4. The Constitution of India


  • Reasons to celebrate Republic day on 26th January - 26th January 1930 was celebrated as the day of Poorna Swaraj(complete self governance) and the Constitution came into effect on 26th January 1950
    INDIAN CONSTITUTION

  • an authentic document contains the basic ideas, principles and laws of a country
  • provides a Parliamentary form of government at the centre and the state (the party which has the majority forms the government)
  • explains the fundamental concepts of structure, methods, powers and duties of government bodies
  • defines the rights and duties of citizens
     PREAMBLE
  • preface of the Constitution stresses on the Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
  • India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic country
  • Sovereign - granted people the right to rule, the ultimate power of the country (the members of the parliament and legislative assembly are elected by the people)
  • Secular - The country does not have a religion of its own, allows all the citizens to follow different faith and religious beliefs
    FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
  
    Basic human rights of all citizens
  • Right to Equality
  • Right to Freedom
  • Right against exploitation
  • Right to freedom of Religion
  • Cultural and Educational Rights
  • Right to Constitutional Remedies
     DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY 
  • certain guidelines to be followed while the governments frame law
     UNIVERSAL ADULT FRANCHISE
  • Every Indian citizen has the right to vote when they attain 18 years of age
     FRAMING OF THE CONSTITUTION
  • 389 members worked together to frame the Indian Constitution
  • The chairman of the committee - Mr. Rajendra Prasad
  • Other significant members - Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabai Patel, Moulana Azad, S. Radhakrishnan, Vijayalakshmi Pandit and Sarojini Naidu
  • 15 women members were there
  • Drafting Committee - 8 members 
  • Chairman - B.R. Ambedkar, Advisor - B.N. Rao other members - N. Gopalasamy, K.M. Munshi, Syed Ahmed Sadullah, P.L. Mitter, N. Madhava Rao, T.T.K, T.P. Kaitan
  • For making the Constitution, they spent almost 64 lakhs
  • Nearly the Constitution of 60 Countries were examined and the best features have been adopted 
  • They started from 1946 and they completed the final draft after 2000 amendments on 26th November 1949 (2 years, 11 months and 17 days)
  • 26th November - celebrated as the Day of the Constitution (The Constituent Assembly accepted the Constitution)
  • When it was drafted, there were 395 Articles in 22 Parts and 8 Schedules
  • At present the Constitution has 448 Articles in 25 Parts and 12 Schedules (101 amendments as of 2016)
  • The original copies of the Constitution - preserved with special Helium filled cases in the Library of the Parliament of India
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar - Chief Architect of the Constitution, Father of Indian Constitution

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