TNSCERT 6 CIVICS UNIT 3

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3.National Symbols


      NATURAL NATIONAL SYMBOLS

      LOTUS 
  • THE NATIONAL FLOWER - 1950
  • It grows in muddy water but remains untouched from impurity, symbolizes purity and achievement
      PEACOCK
  • THE NATIONAL BIRD - 1963
  • native to Asia, bird with a tail, symbol of grace and beauty, evenly distributed all over India
  • Chieftain Began, revered as one of the seven most generous personalities of Ancient Tamil land, once covered a shivering peacock with his shawl
  • Peacock Sanctuary - Viralimalai at Pudukottai (Tamil Nadu)
      RIVER DOLPHIN
  • THE NATIONAL AQUATIC ANIMAL - 2010
  • has a long snout, similar to the gharial crocodile 
  • blind, uses ultrasonic waves to catch their prey
  • reliable indicator of the health of the entire river eco-system(it is in endangered list)
      RIVER GANGES
  • THE NATIONAL RIVER - 2008
  • The longest perennial river in India (length - 2525km)
  • many cities flourished on its banks
      MANGO
  • THE NATIONAL FRUIT - 1950
  • native to India, cultivated during the Mughal reign, rich source of vitamins
      BANYAN TREE
  • THE NATIONAL TREE -1950
  • gives shelter to many kinds of animals and birds, symbol of pride and has many medicinal values
      ELEPHANT
  • THE NATIONAL HERITAGE ANIMAL - 2010
  • native to mainland Asia and play a critical role in maintaining the regions of forests
      KING COBRA
  • THE NATIONAL REPTILE - ophisophagus hannah
  • World's longest venomous snake (average length - 18 feet)
  • lives in the rain forests
  • only reptile that builds nest of its own and reproduces
      TIGER 
  • THE NATIONAL ANIMAL - 1973
  • largest cat species, India has 70% of tigers population in the world
      LACTOBACILLUS  
  • THE NATIONAL MICRO-ORGANISM - 2012
  • friendly bacteria curdled the milk, they are a major part of lactic and bacteria group
    TAMIL NADU's NATURAL SYMBOL
  • Animal - NILGIRI TAHR
  • Bird - EMERALD DOVE
  • Flower - GLORIOSA SUPERBA
  • Tree - PALMYRAH TREE
    OTHER NATIONAL SYMBOLS

      NATIONAL FLAG
  • Tricolour flag
  • saffron - valour and sacrifice, green - fertility and prosperity, white - honest, peace and purity, Chakra - truth and peace (has 24 spokes)
  • Flag length and width 3:2
  • designed by Pingali Venkayya, Andhra Pradesh
  • first woven at Gudiyatham, Tamil Nadu
  • first hoisted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru at Red Fort (now at St.George's fort museum, Chennai)
      NATIONAL EMBLEM 
  • Four lions on top of Ashoka pillar at Sarnath (now at Sarnath museum)
  • upper part - four lions facing North, South, East and West on a circular pedestal
  • lower part - an elephant, a horse, a bull and a lion and the wheel of righteousness is placed between them
  • 'Satyameva Jayate' (Truth alone Triumphs) inscribed at its bottom
      NATIONAL ANTHEM
  • 'Jana Gana Mana' symbolises the sovereignty and integrity
  • was written by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali and transcripted in Hindi then accepted on 24th January 1950
  • The song 'Vande Matharam' composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee also has equal status and inspired people during the freedom struggle
      NATIONAL PLEDGE
  • 'India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters' was written by Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao in Telugu
      INDIAN CURRENCY
  • In 16th century, SherShah Sur released the currency Rupiya, transformed into Rupees. 
  • The symbol '₹' designed by D.Udhayakumar, Tamil Nadu in 2010
      NATIONAL CALENDAR
  • In the year 78 CE, Kanishka followed a new calendar which begins from the spring equinox which falls on March 22nd (for a leap year, march 21)
  •  Meghnad Saha, head of Calendar Reformation Committee in 1957 accepted our National Calendar
     NATIONAL HOLIDAYS

      Independence Day - 15 August 
  •  India freed from British rule
  •  on 15 August 1947, Mahakavi Bharathiyar's poem 'Aaduvome Pallu Paduvome' was sung over AIR by T.K. Pattammal
  • The Prime Minister hoists the National flag at Red Fort every year
      Republic Day - 26 January
  • Our Constitution came into effect from 26 January 1950
  • India was declared as a democratic state, the President became the first citizen of India
  • The President hoists the National flag at Red Fort every year
  • ends with Beating retreat ceremony by the bands of Indian Army, Navy and Airforce
      Gandhi Jayanthi - 2 October
  • Birthday of  Mahatma Gandhiji, the Father of our Nation
  • United Nations declared this day as 'International day of Non- violence' in 2007




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