TNSCERT 6 CIVICS UNIT 2

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 2.Achieving Equality


       PREJUDICE

  • To judge other people in a negative or inferior manner (pre + judge)
  • Based on the people's religious beliefs, the region they come from, the colour of their skin, the clothes they wear
  • Types - gender, racial, class, disability prejudice...
  • Causes  - socialization, conforming behaviours, economic benefits, authoritarian personality, ethno- centrism, group closure, conflicts..
     STEREOTYPE
  • false view or idea about something, strong prejudice develops into stereotype
  • Eg : girls are not good at sports, girls cry and boys don't cry
     INEQUALITY
  • difference in treatment
  • Types - caste inequality, religious inequality, race or gender inequality 
     DISCRIMINATION
  • negative action towards people 
  • Article 15(1) - the state shall not discriminate against any citizen regardless of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
  • with 27 years of prison, former president Nelson Mandela achieved the end of apartheid between 1990 and 1993 in South Africa
     CASTE DISCRIMINATION
  • Reason for inequality and discrimination - caste system (Varnas - in the beginning, the society was divide on the basis of occupation)
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar from a depressed class, fought against caste oppression, became Chairman of Drafting Committee, 'The Father of Indian Constitution', also the first law minister of Independent India
     GENDER DISCRIMINATION
  • refers to health, education, economic and political inequalities between men and women
     RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION
  • unequal treatment of an individual or group based on their beliefs
  • some people often end up in conflict with each other because of their rituals and way of life
     SOCIO-ECONOMIC INEQUALITY
  • Income inequality is much higher than inequality in human development
  • Districts with low income has low industrial development, low agricultural productivity and low human development
  • Districts with high literacy rate (Kanyakumari - 91.75%) and high sex ratio (the Nilgiris - 1041)
  • Dharmapuri has low literacy rate - 68.54%, also has the lowest sex ratio - 946
  • Sex ratio - Number of females per 1000 males
    REMEDIAL MEASURES
  • wider access to quality basic services, aware of current gender bias, socialise with people, effective implementation of laws
    CONSTITUTION AND EQUALITY
  • Article 14 - Equality before law (parameters to ensure equality - respecting diversity and ensure freedom)
  • Article 17 - Abolishment of untouchability

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