TNSCERT 6 CIVICS UNIT 1

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 1. Understanding Diversity


  • Diversity - People in India speak different languages, eat different kinds of food, celebrate different festivals, practice different cultures, yet live together
  • Indian Civilisation - 5000 years old
  • Modern Indian race - Dravidians, Negroids, Aryans, Alphines and Mangoloids 
  • Movement and Migration of People is reason for India's rich diversity 
  • India as 'Subcontinent' - India has all physical features like a Continent (mountains, plains, seas..)
     LANDFORMS AND LIFESTYLE DIVERSITY

  • Diversity in landforms led to different economic activities; plains(agriculture), coastal areas(fishing), hills(plantations), impact on flora and fauna and determine the livelihood of the people
     SOCIAL DIVERSITY
  • Family - fundamental unit of society
  • Community - place where people live together and depend on each other (peasants, artisans, labourers)
  • Needs of the people for amenities (water, food, education..) made them united and interdependent socially
     RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY

  • India has different religions such as Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism and Zoroastrianism
  • According to our Constitution, India is a secular nation and freedom of religion is our fundamental right.
  • The celebration of different festivals (Deepavali, Holi, Kumbamela, Onam, Ramzan, Christmas) denotes the true manifestation of our rich culture and traditions
    LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY

  • According to 2001 census, India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages 
  • Four major Indian language families - Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetian 
  • Impact of British rule made the English language prominent and widely used in official communication
  • Indian government recognized 22 official languages in India. In 2004, it declared Tamil as one of the six Indian classical languages
  • Top five spoken languages in India with the percentage of population -Hindi(41.03%), Bengali(8.10%), Telugu(7.19%), Marathi(6.99%), Tamil(5.91%)
     CULTURAL DIVERSITY

  • Cultural diversity reflected in social behaviour and interactions. 
  • Art and Architecture shows the culture and traditions of India in 28 states and 8 union territories
  • 60% of total epigraphical inscriptions found by Archaeological survey of India(ASI) is from Tamil Nadu, many in Tamil script
  • Music (Hindustani music, Karnatic Music, Classical Tamil Music, Folk Music, Lavani, Ghazl....) and various dances in India reflects the cultural richness in the country
  • Dances of Tamil Nadu - Bharatanatyam(classical dance), Karagattam, Oyillatam, Kummi, Therkoothu, Bommalattam, Puliattam, Kolattam, Thappattam(folk dances)
     UNITY IN DIVERSITY

  • Despite all these diversities, people united by patriotism. The National Flag and the National Anthem and celebrations of events such as 'Independence day' bring us together
  • The phrase 'unity in diversity' is coined by Jawaharlal Nehru in his book "Discovery of India"
  • V.A. Smith called India as an 'Ethnological museum'

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