NCERT 6 HISTORY CHAPTER 1

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 1.What, Where, How and When?


  • People lived in the Narmada Valley were skilled gatherers (knew about the wealth of plants, hunted animals)
  • In Sulaiman and Kirthar hills (N-W), about 8000 years ago, people grew wheat and Barley, also reared animals
  • Agriculture developed in the Garo hills(N-E) and rice was grown first in the North of Vindhyas 
  • On the banks of Indus, about 4700 years ago earliest cities flourished 
  • About 2500 years ago, large kingdom (Magadha - now in Bihar) developed on the banks of Ganga
  • South Asia - often called Subcontinent; large, separated from rest of Asia by seas, hills and mountains
     NAMES OF THE LAND 
  • India : word comes from Indus, Iranian and Greek Travellers about 2500 years ago, called the land to the east of Indus as India
  • Bharat : Bharata - group of people lived in north west mentioned in Rig Veda about 3500 years ago, later used for the country
     FINDING OUT ABOUT THE PAST
  • Manuscripts - latin word manu 'hand', writings on palm leaf or specially prepared bark of tree (Birch in Himalayas), mostly written in Sanskrit, some were in Prakrit (language used by ordinary people) and in Tamil
        
  • Inscriptions - writings on relatively hard surface (stone or metal, usually kings used to record what they did, record of victories)
  • Eg: 2250 years old Ashoka's Inscription found in Kandahar (Afghanistan), written in different scripts and languages (Greek, Aramaic). 
              
  • Scholars understand these Inscriptions through a process called Decipherment
  • Archaeologist - Person who studies the objects, remains of buildings, paintings and sculptures made and used in the past through explorations and excavations 
  • Historians - Scholars who study the past based on the sources (information found from manuscripts, inscriptions and archaeology)
  • In India from about 200 years ago, CE (Common Era) is used instead of AD (Anno Domini) and also BCE (Before Common Era) is used instead for BC (Before Christ). Sometimes BP (Before Present) are used
                                                                                                  



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